Part 1 of the 'Thermodynamics 20 bridging the natural and social sciences' theme issue includes this article.

Biological organisms' intentionality, their goal-directed behavior, fundamentally distinguishes the physical origin of their actions from those of inanimate systems. Employing the principles of physics and chemistry, how might we dissect and elucidate this consequential component? We investigate the current experimental and theoretical progress in this subject, and contemplate the future possibilities of this line of thought. While thermodynamics serves as the foundational basis for our investigation, physics and chemistry also contribute meaningfully. 'Thermodynamics 20 Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)' (Part 1) theme issue includes this article.

We reveal the interplay of distinct self-organizing processes with terminal dispositions, demonstrating their interlinked capacity to collectively mitigate each other's self-undermining inclinations, albeit enabling a controlled, localized expression of such inclinations. In such a manner, every action generates the facilitating and hindering conditions for the other process. The generation of boundary conditions depends on dynamical processes that lessen local entropy and enhance local constraints. These effects arise from the dissipative dynamics of self-organized processes operating far from equilibrium, and from no other source. A co-dependent structure, arising from the linkage of two complementary, self-organizing processes through a shared substrate—one's waste serving as the other's necessity—progresses toward a self-sustaining state that avoids the cessation of the complete system and its constituent processes. Teleological causation, perfectly naturalized, is free from backward influences, and does not reduce to selection, chance, or chemistry. Part 1 of the theme issue 'Thermodynamics 20 Bridging the natural and social sciences' features this article.

The history of human life has been deeply affected by the presence of energy. Humanity's standard of living, from the discovery of fire's capacity for warmth, secure shelter, and plentiful food, has been fundamentally defined by the energy contained within fuels and sustenance. Energy access forms the most succinct summary of global history. pacemaker-associated infection The ramifications of war, often stemming from direct or indirect energy acquisition, were deeply influenced by who controlled the energy resources. Accordingly, the scholarly discourse on energy studies reveals a strong interconnectedness with social science studies. The substantial collection of publications within the Scopus database encompasses approximately 118,000 entries, specifically focusing on the intersection of social sciences and energy. This investigation seeks to leverage this resource to uncover the interrelationships between these fields, enabling future research to delve deeper into these connections and ultimately devise solutions for contemporary global challenges. This analysis will systematically categorize these publications based on the author, country of origin, institutional affiliation, and publication year, furthermore including an examination of keyword shifts over the years. Within the thematic collection 'Thermodynamics 20 Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)', this piece of writing resides.

We briefly summarize social laser theory, which is now formulated with the concept of an infon-social energy quantum, a carrier of macroscopic informational data. Excitations of the quantum social-information field, infons, are. Humans, analogous to atoms, are social entities that absorb and emit infons. Another noteworthy advancement involves the connection of the social laser to decision-making processes informed by open quantum systems. Strong, coherent social-information fields, the result of social lasing, serve as the environment for social atoms. A simple quantum master equation is analyzed, revealing decision jumps toward coherent decision-making, influenced by the societal laser beam. For illustrative purposes, we investigate the possibility of developing a laser whose primary objective is to create social advantage. This article is a part of the 'Thermodynamics 20 Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1)' special issue.

We have developed diverse ways of observing matter, life, and evolution's progress. This article introduces a unified theoretical framework, drawing inspiration from classical mechanics and thermodynamics, which is both simple and comprehensive. Our framework extends Newton's third law of matter's application to encompass the dynamism of life and evolution. The action-reaction relationship, in its generalized form, incorporates both scaling and temporal dimensions. This generalization offers insight into why living systems operate outside of equilibrium. Life's evolution defies the rigid action-reaction symmetry that defines the behavior of matter. Life, we conceptualize as an open system, possesses self-awareness of the energy state's trajectory in time and environmental context. Our proposed theoretical framework for understanding life through the lens of power ultimately converges with the science of matter in its most basic manifestation. This article is featured in the special issue 'Thermodynamics 20 Bridging the natural and social sciences (Part 1).'

Thermodynamics, despite being a universally applicable theory, is not considered foundational because its macroscopic laws have not been deduced from the behaviour of microscopic components. Therefore, to ground thermodynamics in the most basic constituents, the notion of atomism is reintroduced, proposing the light quantum as the ultimate, unbreakable, and persistent element. The state of any system, if composed of the same basic elements, is measurable by entropy, which is the logarithmic probability measure multiplied by Boltzmann's constant. A system's progression towards thermodynamic balance with its surroundings is quantified by the alteration in entropy. Sigmoid accumulation, a characteristic of natural processes that consume free energy most efficiently, leads to skewed distributions observed ubiquitously in nature. Caput medusae Phenomena from various disciplines are interconnected through the lens of thermodynamics, which presents a holistic view of the universe addressing crucial existential questions: what is the nature of reality, how do we gain knowledge, what does life mean, and how should we live? The theme issue 'Thermodynamics 20: Bridging the Natural and Social Sciences (Part 1)' encompasses this article.

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Our sense of touch is fundamentally important to our perception of the spatial characteristics of objects. To evaluate tactile spatial acuity, researchers developed the JVP dome, incorporating a grating orientation task. Detailed descriptions of the task's sequence and specifics, including practice, training, and testing stages, were not extensively documented in existing research. Subsequently, a protocol for grating orientation, using the staircase method, was developed and explained in detail. This protocol needed fewer trials than the constant-stimuli approach.
The experiment included twenty-three healthy individuals. The research procedure included the use of JVP domes, each with eleven unique groove widths. Sacituzumab govitecan manufacturer A two-down-one-up staircase method facilitated the estimation of tactile discrimination thresholds. The practice, training, and testing phases of the experiment involved trained examiners applying grating stimulation to participants' index fingerpads.
Accuracy requirements were fully satisfied by all participants during the practice and training phases.